Trends and projections in Europe 2025
This report explores the historical trends, most recent progress and projected future developments in climate change mitigation through reduced greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy gains and improved energy efficiency. It builds upon data reported by all 27 European Union (EU) Member States, five European Environment Agency (EEA) member countries and nine Energy Community contracting parties.
The EU has set a clear ambition to become the world's first climate neutral continent. In 2021, the ECL established legally binding targets to reduce net GHG emissions by 55% by 2030 compared with 1990 levels and to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 at the latest.
With the formal agreement of the EU’s environment ministers on 5 November 2025, the EU Member States reaffirmed their commitment to climate neutrality by introducing an additional interim target: a 90% reduction in net GHG emissions by 2040.
To support these overarching climate objectives, the EU has also set key targets for transforming the energy system — one to limit energy consumption by 2030 and another to ensure that at least 42.5% of energy consumption comes from renewable sources by that year.
This report monitors the EU's progress towards these goals — at the halfway point of the century's journey towards climate neutrality and five years ahead of the 2030 milestone. It does so by examining historical trends, assessing the latest developments in 2024 and exploring future projections.