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Image: Sebastian, stock.adobe.com
2018
Article
C2SM News
ProClim Flash 68
The National Centre for Climate Services NCCS and ETH-Klimarunde present the new climate change scenarios for Switzerland – save the date.
Image: ProClim; C2SM
The Swiss Climate Change Scenarios project CH2018 is nearing its completion. We are pleased to announce the publication of the new climate change scenarios: the official launch event will take place on 13 November 2018 at ETH Zurich and will be jointly organized by the National Centre for Climate Services NCCS and ETH-Klimarunde. The CH2018 project is a priority theme of NCCS.
SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS
Paper: Role of polar anticyclones and mid-latitude cyclones for arctic summertime sea-ice melting
Annual minima in Arctic sea-ice extent and volume have been decreasing rapidly since the late 1970s, with substantial interannual variability. Summers with a particularly strong reduction of Arctic sea ice extent are characterized by anticyclonic circulation anomalies from the surface to the upper troposphere. This study shows that these seasonal circulation anomalies are the result of individual Arctic anticyclones. Sea-ice reduction is systematically enhanced during episodes with Arctic anticyclones, and the summertime reduction of sea-ice volume correlates with the frequency of Arctic anticyclones poleward of 70°N. The results emphasize the fundamental role of extratropical dynamics in establishing Arctic anticyclones and in turn seasonal circulation anomalies, which are of key importance for understanding the variability of summertime Arctic sea ice melting.
Paper: strengthening seasonal marine CO2 variations due to increasing atmospheric CO2
While models have predicted that the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of CO2 in the world’s oceans should be increasing in response to the oceanic uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere, this has not been observed so far. Using the to-date largest collection of surface ocean CO2 measurements, this study demonstrates for the first time that the added CO2 indeed causes a measurable increase in the seasonal amplitude of CO2 and that the magnitude of this trend is in rather good agreement with the expected change based on basic thermodynamic considerations. This increase will cause a more rapid transition of the surface ocean toward ocean acidification conditions that might be harmful for organisms sensitive to low pH and/or low saturation conditions with respect to mineral carbonates. The study also emphasizes the detectable imprint that human emissions have already left on the global oceans.